ubuhlungu benyoka

Ubuhlungu benyoka lulwelo olukhutshwa ziinyoka ezinobuhlungu kumadlala azo anobuhlungu.Inxalenye yayo ephambili yiprotheyini enetyhefu, ibalwa kwi-90% ukuya kwi-95% yesisindo esomileyo.Kukho malunga neentlobo ezingama-20 zeeenzymes kunye neetyhefu.Ukongeza, ikwaqulethe iipeptides ezincinci zemolekyuli, ii-amino acids, iicarbohydrates, iilipids, iinucleosides, iiamines zebhayoloji kunye neeyoni zetsimbi.Ukubunjwa kwetyhefu yenyoka kunzima kakhulu, kwaye i-toxicity, i-pharmacology kunye nemiphumo ye-toxicological ye-venoms yeenyoka ezahlukeneyo zineempawu zazo.Phakathi kwazo, i-toxins iboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. I-toxins yokujikeleza kwegazi: (kubandakanywa ne-viper venom, i-agkistrodon acutus venom, i-caltrodon venom, i-green snake venom) 2. I-Neurotoxins: (i-eye snake venom, i-golden ring yenyoka, i-ring yesiliva yenyoka , ityhefu yenkosi, ityhefu yenyoka) 3 Ityhefu exutyiweyo: (iAgkistrodon halys venom, Ophiodon halys venom) ① Isiphumo sokulwa nomhlaza wetyhefu yenyoka: umhlaza sesinye sezifo ezithathu ezibeka impilo yabantu emngciphekweni, kwaye akukho nyango lusebenzayo. ekhoyo.Izazinzulu ezisuka kuwo onke amazwe zithatha uphononongo lobutyhefu benyoka njengentsimi entsha ukoyisa lo mqobo.I-Ofisi yoPhando lweNyoka yeNyoka yeYunivesithi yezoNyango yaseChina izama ukufumana izithako ezisebenzayo ezinokuthi zithintele ukukhula kwethumba kwi-Agkistrodon halys venom eveliswe eDalian, eLiaoning, Uvavanyo lokuthelekisa ithumba lwenziwa phakathi kwetyhefu yokuqala kunye netyhefu ekwanti ye-Agkistrodon halys Pallas. .Amanqanaba alithoba ahlukeneyo etyhefu yenyoka anedigri ezahlukeneyo zokunqanda kwi-sarcoma yegundane, kwaye izinga lokuthintela ithumba liphezulu ukuya kuma-87.1%.② Impembelelo ye-Anticoagulant ye-snake venom: "i-defibrase" ekhutshwe kwi-venom ye-Agkistrodon halys acutus e-Yunnan, e-China, iphumelele ukuchongwa kwezobugcisa ngo-1981, kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ze-333 ze-vascular thrombosis, kubandakanywa iimeko ze-242 ze-cerebral thrombosis. izinga elisebenzayo yi-86.4%.I-Agkistrodon halys antacid ephuhliswe yi-China Medical University kunye ne-Shenyang Pharmaceutical College ngokubambisana iye yafumana iziphumo ezanelisayo zeklinikhi kunyango lwezifo ze-vascular occlusive.I-antacid yetyhefu yenyoka eyenziwe yi-Ofisi yoPhando lweNyoka yeNyoka yeYunivesithi yezoNyango yaseChina inokunciphisa i-lipids yegazi, yandise imithambo yegazi, inciphise umxholo we-thromboxane egazini, inyuse i-prostacyclin, kwaye iphumle i-vascular smooth muscle.Yinto efanelekileyo yokuchasa.③ Ngokubhekiselele kwisiphumo se-hemostatic yetyhefu yenyoka, i-Japan isebenzisa i-coagulant yokukhuthaza into ekhankanywe kwiirhamba ukuze ifake kuqhaqho lwezonyango, amayeza angaphakathi, iimpawu zobuso, i-gynecology kunye nokubeleka kunye nezinye izifo zokopha.Ichiza libizwa ngokuba "inaliti ye-reptilin".④ Ukulungiswa kwe-serum ye-antivenin: Ukuphuhliswa kwe-antivenin serum e-China kwaqala kwi-1930s.Emva kokukhululwa, i-Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, ngokubambisana neNyoka yoPhando lweNyoka yeYunivesithi yaseZhejiang Medical, iZhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, kunye neGuangzhou Medical College, ilungiselele ngempumelelo i-serum ye-antivenin ecocekileyo ye-Agkistrodon halys, i-Agkistrodon acutus, IBungarus multicinctus kunye neOphthalmus.⑤ I-analgesic effect ye-snake venom: Ngo-1976, iYunnan Kunming Animal Research Institute yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo "Ketongling" ukusuka kwityhefu yenyoka, esetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibuhlungu kwaye iphumelele i-analgesic effect."I-compound Ketongning" ephuhliswe nguCao Yisheng ibonise ukusebenza kakuhle kunyango lwentlungu ye-nerve, intlungu yomhlaza kunye ne-detoxification.Ngenxa yokuba i-analgesic yetyhefu yenyoka inomsebenzi ophezulu we-analgesic kwaye ayikhoboki, isetyenziswa ngokwezonyango ukufaka indawo ye-morphine kunyango lweentlungu zomhlaza emva kwexesha.Ityhefu yetyhefu ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-serum ekhethekileyo ye-anti-venom, i-analgesics kunye ne-hemostatic agents.Isiphumo saso singcono kune-morphine kunye ne-dolantin, kwaye ayinakho umlutha.Ubuhlungu benyoka bunokunyanga ukukhubazeka kunye nepoliyo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubuthi benyoka busetyenziswe ukunyanga umhlaza.Ngenxa yokuba ubuthi benyoka buyikhompawundi eyenziwe ngeeprotheni ezingama-34, enye yazo ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye inani elikhulu leetyhefu libizwa ngokuba yi-cytolysin.Yityhefu eyonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo iiseli kunye neembrane zeseli.Oku kuya kuvelisa amathumba anobungozi.Ukuba i-cytolysin evela kwityhefu yenyoka yahluliwe kwaye ifakwe emzimbeni womntu ukuba isasazeke kuwo wonke umzimba ngokujikeleza kwegazi ukuze ibulale ngokukodwa iiseli zomhlaza, kukho ithemba elikhulu lokoyisa ubunzima bonyango lomhlaza.I-defibrase yenaliti itsalwa kwityhefu ye-Agkistrodon acutus e-China.Inomsebenzi wokunciphisa i-fibrinogen kunye ne-thrombolysis, kwaye iyiyeza elikhethekileyo lokunyanga izifo zentliziyo.Usetyenziso olungundoqo olusibhozo lwetyhefu yenyoka zezi: 1. unyango lomhlaza kunye ne-anti-cancer, anti-tumor;2. I-Hemostasis kunye